Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation

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Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching, and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.

Table of Contents

Articles

Preface/Front Matter
V.E.A. Russo, R.A. Martienssen, A.D. Riggs
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i-xii
Introduction
Arthur D. Riggs, Robert A. Martienssen, Vincenzo E.A. Russo
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1-4
DNA Methylation in Eukaryotes: 20 Years On
Robin Holliday
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5-27
Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms
Arthur D. Riggs, Thomas N. Porter
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29-45
Gene Silencing in Mammalian Cells
Robin Holliday, Thu Ho, Richard Paulin
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47-59
DNA Methyltransferases in Mammalian Development and Genome Defense
Timothy H. Bestor
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61-76
The Mutational Burden of 5-Methylcytosine
Allen S. Yang, Peter A. Jones, Atsuko Shibata
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77-94
Plant Methyltransferases and Their Targets in the Plant Genome
Roger L.P. Adams, Sriharsa Pradhan, Colin A. Johnson, Heather Lindsay, Evonne W.L. Shek, Gareth I. Jenkins, Nigel A.R. Urwin
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95-108
Mechanism of DNA Demethylation in Vertebrates and Its Biological Significance
Jean-Pierre Jost
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109-125
The Role of DNA Methylation in Plant Development
E. Jean Finnegan
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127-140
Methylation-related Epigenetic Signals in Bacterial DNA
Josep Casadesús, Joaquín Torreblanca
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141-153
DNA Modification and Restriction: Selfish Behavior of an Epigenetic System
Ichizo Kobayashi
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155-172
Organization and Control of Imprinted Genes: The Common Features
Justin F-x. Ainscough, M. Azim Surani
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173-194
Genomic Imprinting and Modifier Genes in the Mouse
Jörn Walter, Torsten Krüger, Sabine Engemann, Nicholas D. Allen, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Feil, Thierry Forné, Wolf Reik
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195-213
Establishment of Imprinted Methylation Patterns during Development
Ruth Shemer, Aharon Razin
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215-229
X-Chromosome Inactivation and Epigenetic Mechanisms
Arthur D. Riggs, Thomas N. Porter
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231-248
X-Chromosome Inactivation: XCE and the Candidate Region for the X-Inactivation Center
Philip Avner
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249-265
Epigenetic Silencing and Activation of a Maize r Gene
Jerry L. Kermicle
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267-287
b and pl Paramutation in Maize: Heritable Transcription States Programmed during Development
Vicki L. Chandler, Kenneth M. Kubo, Jay B. Hollick
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289-304
DNA Methylation of Flower Color Transgenes in Petunia hybrida
Peter Meyer
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305-317
Position-effect Variegation in Drosophila: Recent Progress
Steven Henikoff
PDF
319-334
Control and Function of DNA Methylation in Neurospora crassa
Ann T. Hagemann, Eric U. Selker
PDF
335-394
Silencing of the Gene hph in Neurospora crassa
Vincenzo E.A. Russo, Yeon-Su Lee, Antonio C. Codón
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345-359
Prokaryotic Model of Epigenetic Inactivation: Chromosomal Silencing in Bacillus subtilis Fusion Products
Valérie Grandjean, Françoise Le Hégarat, Luisa Hirschbein
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361-376
Stable Epigenetic States in Differentiated Plant Cells: Implications for Somaclonal Variation and Gene Silencing in Transgenic Plants
Marjori A. Matzke, Antonius J.M. Matzke
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377-392
Sense Cosuppression of Flower Color Genes: Metastable Morphology-based Phenotypes and the Prepattern-threshold Hypothesis
Richard A. Jorgensen, Qiudeng Que, James J. English, Huai-Yu Wang
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393-402
Analysis of a Tobacco Transgene Locus That Triggers Both Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Silencing
Hervé Vaucheret, Taline Elmayan, Philippe Mourrain, Jean-Christophe Palauqui
PDF
403-414
Epigenetic Modifications and Gene Silencing in Plants
Frederick Meins, Jr.
PDF
415-442
Transcriptional Silencing in the Fission Yeast: A Manifestation of Higher Order Chromosome Structure and Functions
Robin C. Allshire
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443-466
Transcriptional Silencing of the Yeast Mating-type Genes
Scott G. Holmes, Miriam Braunstein, James R. Broach
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467-487
Stable Chromatin States Regulating Homeotic Genes In Drosophila
Vincenzo Pirrotta
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489-505
The Role of Polycomb Group and Trithorax Group Chromatin Complexes in the Maintenance of Determined Cell States
Renato Paro, Peter J. Harte
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507-528
Histones, Histone Modifications, and the Inheritance of Chromatin Structure
Stefan U. Kass, Alan P. Wolffe
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529-546
The Silencing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Daniel P. Bednarik
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547-559
CpG Suppression in HIV-1 Versus HIV-2: Correlation with Pathogenicity and Possible Implications for the Design of Antiretroviral Vaccines
Jonathan W. Nyce
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561-573
Epigenetic Regulation of the Maize Spm Transposable Element
Nina Fedoroff
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575-592
Epigenetic Silencing of Mu Transposable Elements in Maize
Robert A. Martienssen
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593-608
Essentials of Plant Development
Robert A. Martienssen
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611-617
Essentials of Mouse Development
Arthur D. Riggs
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619-625
Paramutation: Directed Genetic Change
R. Alexander Brink, E. Derek Styles, John D. Axtell
PDF
629-638
DNA Modification Mechanisms and Gene Activity during Development
R. Holliday, J. E. Pugh
PDF
639-645
X inactivation, differentiation, and DNA methylation
A.D. Riggs
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646-662
Glossary
PDF
663-679
Index
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681-692